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2.2 Critical fluctuations

Figure 2.2: Isobar-isotherm path through the space of states of free energy of mixing Fm(p,T,x).

2.2 Critical fluctuations

The correlation function of a physical parameter X is represented by:

here x(⃗r) denotes the density of the quantity X. Hence, X can be expressed as:

The function g(⃗r,⃗r′) represents the degree of correlation between the values of X at⃗r and at⃗r′. The variables in Eq.(2.4) can be replaced by the particles density x(⃗r) →n(⃗r) and the number of particles X →N. In other words, with increasing distance between the den- sities of particles n(⃗r) and the densities of n(⃗r′) the correlation decreases. This behavior can be written as:

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