Original English dissertation · scientific equations reproduced directly from the source PDF.

3 Experimental Methods

personal computer and evaluated using the data of length l, measured by the digital distance meter (11) with control unit (13). The temperature is measured with a Pt-100 thermometer (14).

• Pulse cell parameters: In the present thesis, two kinds of pulse cells have been used to investigate the broadband spectrum of liquids, the 1-MHz- pulse-cell and the 10-MHz-pulse-cell. Some relevant data of the cells are tabulated in Table (3.2). In Fig.(3.14) a cell construction of a 1-MHz-pulse-cell is shown on the last page

cell 1–MHz– 10–MHz– pulse cell pulse cell transducer Quarz LiNbO3 rq[mm] 20 6 fq[MHz] 1.05 10.8 fn (2n+1)fq (2n+1)fq fmax[MHz] 63 530 τ[µs] 5–10 2–4 distance meter optical, optical, MT60 MT25 position of dist. meter axial axial xmin[nm] 125 125 xmax[mm] 40 25 V[ml] ≈130 ≈10

Table 3.2: Pulse transmission cells rq: radius and fq: fundamental frequency of transduc- ers; fn: possible measurement frequencies; fmax: maximum frequency; τ: pulse length; xmin: minimum and xmax: maximum distance between transmitter and receiver; V: sample volume.

of this Chapter. A description can be found in the figure caption. In Table (3.3) experimental errors for measurements with the pulse cells are given.

3.4 Complementary measurement techniques

This section deals with additional instruments, which have been used to determine ther- modynamic parameters of the investigated liquid systems.

• Sound velocity cs: For some samples a high resolution ultrasonic velocimeter for measurement of the sound velocity cs has been used. This device consists of two resonator cells, one

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